ASP站长网Nginx（发音为Engine x）是一个免费的，开源的，高性能，可扩展，可靠，功能齐全且流行的HTTP和反向代理服务器，邮件代理服务器和通用TCP/UDP代理服务器。
 
Nginx以其简单的配置和低资源消耗而闻名，因为它具有高性能，它被用于为Web上的几个高流量站点供电，例如GitHub，SoundCloud，Dropbox，Netflix，WordPress等等。
 
 
 
在本指南中，我们将介绍一些最常用的Nginx服务管理命令，作为开发人员或系统管理员，您应该随意使用。 我们将显示Systemd和SysVinit的命令。
 
以下所有Nginx流行命令列表必须以root或sudo用户身份执行，并且应该适用于任何现代Linux发行版，如CentOS，RHEL，Debian，Ubuntu和Fedora。
 
安装Nginx服务器
 
要安装Nginx Web服务器，请使用默认的分发包管理器，如下所示。
 
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx  [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo dnf install nginx                              [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo apt install nginx                              [On Fedora]
 
检查Nginx版本
 
要检查Linux系统上安装的Nginx Web服务器的版本，请运行以下命令。
 
$ nginx -v
 
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
 
上面的命令只显示版本号。 如果要查看版本并配置选项，请使用-V标志，如图所示。
 
$ nginx -V
 
显示Nginx，编译器和配置参数
 
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-file-aio –with-ipv6 –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_v2_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_xslt_module=dynamic –with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic –with-http_geoip_module=dynamic –with-http_sub_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_degradation_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_perl_module=dynamic –with-mail=dynamic –with-mail_ssl_module –with-pcre –with-pcre-jit –with-stream=dynamic –with-stream_ssl_module –with-google_perftools_module –with-debug –with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/RedHat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' –with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'
 
检查Nginx配置语法
 
在实际启动Nginx服务之前，您可以检查其配置语法是否正确。 如果您已对现有配置结构进行了更改或添加了新配置，则此功能尤其有用。
 
要测试Nginx配置，请运行以下命令。
 
$ sudo nginx -t
 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
 
您可以测试Nginx配置，转储它并使用-T标志退出，如图所示。
 
$ sudo nginx -T
 
显示Nginx配置设置
 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
#  * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#  * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
 
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
 
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
 
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
 
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
 
    include            /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
 
    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 
    server {
        listen      80 default_server;
        listen      [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root        /usr/share/nginx/html;
 
        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
 
        location / {
        }
 
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }
 
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
 
….
 
启动Nginx服务
 
要启动Nginx服务，请运行以下命令。 请注意，如果配置语法不正确，此过程可能会失败。
 
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx start  #sysvinit
 
启用Nginx服务
 
上一个命令仅在此期间启动服务，要在启动时启用它自动启动，请运行以下命令。
 
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx enable  #sysv init
 
重启Nginx服务
 
要重新启动Nginx服务，将停止然后启动该服务的操作。
 
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx restart  #sysv init
 
查看Nginx服务状态
 
您可以按如下方式检查Nginx服务的状态。 此命令显示有关服务的运行时状态信息。
 
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd
或者
$ sudo service nginx status  #sysvinit
 
显示Nginx状态信息
 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@linuxidc ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service – The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
 Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
  CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
          ├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
          └─31516 nginx: worker process
 
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server…
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linuxidc.com systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.