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查看CentOS 7网络接口信息
ASP站长网查看所有活动网络接口的信息
ifconfig命令
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig //查看网络接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.144.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.144.255
inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6139 bytes 3599390 (3.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2483 bytes 330519 (322.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 84 bytes 7500 (7.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 84 bytes 7500 (7.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:d9:de:d2 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
查看指定网络接口信息
ifconfig 网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33 //查看ens33网络接口信息
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.144.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.144.255
inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:5b:d3:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6183 bytes 3602858 (3.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2505 bytes 334073 (326.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
查看主机名称
查看或设置当前主机名
hostname命令
[root@localhost ~]# hostname //查看主机名称
localhost.localdomain
更改主机名称
hostnamectl set-hostname [主机名称]
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname http01 //更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# su //切换用户，刷新主机名
[root@http01 ~]# hostname //查看主机名称
http01
查看路由表条目
查看路由表
route命令
[root@http01 ~]# route //查看路由表
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.144.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
查看网络连接情况
查看系统的网络连接状态、路由表、接口统计等信息
netstat命令
netstat [选项]
常用选项
-a :全部
-n：数字格式显示
-p：协议
-t ：tcp
-u ：udp
-r：路由
[root@http01 ~]# netstat -antp //查看以数字格式显示全部TCP协议端口的网络连接情况
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1308/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 983/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 985/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1292/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4840/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 192.168.144.133:22 192.168.144.1:54734 ESTABLISHED 4840/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2373/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 983/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 985/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1292/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 4840/sshd: root@pts
[root@http01 ~]# netstat -nuap //查看以数字格式显示全部UDP协议端口的网络连接情况
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36571 0.0.0.0:* 788/dhclient
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47956 0.0.0.0:* 578/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 1308/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1308/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 788/dhclient
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 578/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 636/chronyd
udp6 0 0 :::57996 :::* 788/dhclient
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 636/chronyd
[root@http01 ~]# netstat -r //查看路由信息，与route命令作用相同
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
192.168.144.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
网络测试连接
测试网络通讯性
ping命令
ping [主机名]/[IP地址]
[root@http01 ~]# ping 192.168.100.10 //测试网络通讯
PING 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.860 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.530 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.514 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.100.10: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.465 ms
跟踪数据包
测试从当前主机到目的主机之间经过的网络节点
traceroute命令
traceroute 目标主机地址
[root@http01 ~]# traceroute 192.168.100.10
traceroute to 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.144.2) 0.320 ms 0.255 ms 0.223 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
域名解析
测试DNS域名解析
nslookup命令
nslookup [目标主机地址]/[目标DNS地址]
[root@http01 ~]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server: 192.168.144.2
Address: 192.168.144.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.232.231.172
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 183.232.231.174
设置网络参数的方式
临时配置——使用命令调整网络参数
简单、快速，可直接修改运行中的网络参数
一般只适合在调试网络的过程中使用
重新启动以后，所做的修改将会失效
固定设置——通过配置文件修改网络参数
修改各项网络参数的配置文件
适合对服务器设置固定参数时使用
需要重载网络服务或者重启以后才会生效